Diabetes has become one of the most serious threats to global public health, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 171 million cases among the population. Diabetes Mellitus may be a serious and sophisticated chronic condition and therefore the disorder is characterized by hyper-glycemia and disturbance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat metabolism, secondary to an absolute or relative lack of hormone insulin. DM may be suspected or recognized clinically by the onset of one or more of characteristic symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and weight loss. When the insulin deficiency is extreme, it leads to the development of ketoacidosis. Development of ketoacidosis is the major cause of death in men with diabetes.

In the WHO classification, 2 major sorts of diabetes; type1 (insulin dependent) and type2 (non-insulin dependent). In type1 diabetes, the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and destroys them. As a result, the pancreatic islet cells, which normally produce insulin, are destroyed so glucose cannot enter cells and remains in the blood. Type1 diabetes is the most common and the type on which most current research is being carried out. Type2 diabetes is on the increase in obese humans. There is no enough data to confirm if overweight humans have overweight pets, but certainly there is a problem as specialist obesity referral clinics for animals are becoming increasingly common. Type2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot use insulin effectively but can often be controlled with a mixture of diet, exercise, and oral medication to stabilize blood glucose concentrations; however, the disease may progress to the point at which only insulin therapy controls blood glucose levels. consistent with the event stage, somatic cell are often dividing into embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell. During embryonic development in mammals begins with series of cleavage division to generate a population of equivalent blastomeres. An adult stem cell is an undifferentiated cell found among differentiated cells during a tissue can renew itself and may differentiate to yield the main specialized cell sorts of the tissue.

Each person needs individualized treatment. Type-1 diabetes always requires insulin, diet, and exercise. Type-2 diabetics require insulin or oral hypo-glycemic agents (medication that helps lower blood sugar), if diet and exercise alone fail to lower blood sugar . If you've got diabetes, you would like to possess a medical team (doctor, nutritionist, and health educator or nurse) working with you. Whichever sort of diabetes you've got , the key to proper control is balancing the glucose and therefore the insulin within the blood. this suggests adjusting your diet, activity, and sometimes taking medication.

Food are often powerful in preventing and reversing diabetes. However, dietary approaches have changed as we've learned more about the disease. the normal approach to diabetes focuses on limiting refined sugars and foods that release sugars during digestion-starches, breads, fruits, etc. With carbohydrates reduced, the diet may contain an unhealthful amount of fat and protein. Therefore, diabetes experts have taken care to limit fats- especially saturated fats which will raise cholesterol levels, and to limit protein for people with impaired kidney function. The new approach focuses more attention on fat. Fat may be a problem for people with diabetes. The more fat there's within the diet, the harder time insulin has in getting glucose into the cells. Conversely, minimizing fat intake and reducing body fat help insulin do its job far better . Newer treatment programs drastically reduce meats, high-fat dairy products, and oils.