Oral Solid Dosage forms (Tablets and Capsules) are variety of the foremost fashionable and convenient ways of drug delivery. They are going to be made in exceedingly non-sterile surroundings and also the tactic, instrumentality and technology is well outlined and acknowledged, when quite hundred years of development. With the high volume of merchandise made in these measure forms, it is necessary that the unit operations for his or her production be totally understood, developed and enforced. This course focuses on the fundamentals of each distinct process step (unit operation) with intensive discussions on these technologies needed for the manufacturing and packaging of tablets and capsules. Dosage forms are classified into solid, liquid and semi-solid forms.

Solid dosage forms are of two types; Internal and external. Tablet may be a dosage form which contains drug in it and also additives, preservatives, binders, diluents. In case of buccal tablet, tablets are placed between the cheek and therefore the gum. Capsule is cylindrical in shape. It is two parts: cap and body. Drug is filled in between the cap and body. They are of two types of hard gelatin and soft gelatin capsules. External are often tooth powders and dusting powders. Tooth powders are often of various detergents, preservatives and colors etc. Liquid dosage forms are often classified as monophasic and biphasic phase means direction. Monophasic dosage forms include syrup elixir and oral drops. This syrup contains preservatives, additives, binding agent’s etc .These syrups contain drug inside in liquid it shows effect easily.

Proper dose should be maintained, the biphasic dosage forms are often suspension or emulsion. Suspension contains drug in suspended form, where in emulsion contains drug within the form two immiscible liquids. Emulsions are usually water in oil or oil in water type. Semisolid dosage forms are external and internal. They typically applied topically on skin. They include ointments, lotions, liniments .internal include pessaries and suppositaries rectal or vaginal devices. There is another route of administration of drug which incorporates parenterals. These are sterile preparations which contains drug within the sort of ampoules or vials. These injections are often intravenous (to vein) intramuscular (to muscle) or subcutaneous (to skin). Inhaler is additionally used for asthma patients. Nebulizer is employed for reducing blockage within the nostrils for little children. Despite the clear advantages offered by the oral route, drug delivery are often challenging because the human alimentary canal is complex and displays variety of physiological barriers that affect drug delivery. Among these challenges are poor drug solubility, poor drug stability, and low drug permeability across the mucosal barriers. Even within healthy individuals, there's variability within the physiology of the alimentary canal.

Therefore, considerations should be made during formulation design to the subsequent factors such as;

1. How long the formulation resides in specific sections of the alimentary canal;
2. The influence of the gastrointestinal environment on the delivery of the formulation at the location of action also as on the steadiness and solubility of the drug;
3. The intestinal fluid volume; and
4. The degree of metabolism of the drug or formulation within the GI tract through microbial or enzymatic degradation.