Antioquia Brushfinch belongs to the family Passerellidae (New World sparrows). The Antioquia Brushfinch was first described in 2007, but only on the basis of three museum specimens. A live bird was not found in the field until 2018, when an unfamiliar brushfinch was spotted by a keen-eyed agronomist on his way to weekly mass on the outskirts of Medellín, Colombia. The scarcity of this species is mainly due to habitat loss. The little native habitat that remains is found only in small patches of native scrub dotting the pastoral countryside outside of Medellín. Seventy-three percent of the land where the Antioquia Brushfinch was first discovered has been converted to cattle pasture, and the remaining habitat is under severe threat of conversion. Although four populations of this species have been identified, fewer than 50 individual birds have been found so far.

The Antioquia Brushfinch belongs to a group of Neotropical finches found in humid mountain forests from Mexico south to Argentina. It's a large, sparrow-like bird with a rusty crown, a contrasting black mask around the eyes, and a white throat. Except for a few subtle fieldmarks, the Antioquia Brushfinch resembles the more widespread Slaty Brushfinch, with which it was initially confused. The Antioquia Brushfinch's species name, blancae, refers to the bird's pale underparts. It also refers to the Colombian lepidopterologist Blanca Huertas, the wife of ornithologist Thomas M. Donegan, who described the new bird.

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